Constructivist Style of Design Essay Example for Free

Constructivist Style of Design Essay Constructivism is a Russian art movement that flourished during the early part of the 20th century. This style of design had an impact on future schools of art. The constructivist style of design was founded by Vladimir Tatlin, a Russian sculptor and painter (Microsoft Encarta 2008). The name of this design style was derived from the â€Å"construction† of abstract sculptures from various industrial materials like wire, metal, and plastic pieces. The relief construction works of Tatlin from 1913 to 1917 were the first for the movement. Other notable constructivists include Aleksandr Rodchenko, Antoine Pevsner, Naum Gabo, among others (Microsoft Encarta 2008). Constructivism is a style of art characterized by an optimistic, non-representational relief construction, painting, kinetics, and sculpture. Rather than focusing on abstract ideas, the artist connects art with concrete and tangible ideas. Characteristic of artistic movements after World War I, constructivists were idealists aiming for the establishment of a new order in the field of arts and architecture (Huntfor. om n. d). For constructivists, they believe that the highest form of art does not focus on the â€Å"fine art† but rather on the â€Å"practical art. † Constructivist style of design is centered on the three-dimensional and could be connected with Proletarianism. Aside from Russia, the constructivist was likewise prominent in Germany, with Walter Gropius as the main representative (Huntfor. com n. d). Despite being split into several groups during the 1920s, constructivism generally stood for the ideals of functionalism, utilitarianism, and abstraction. Tatlin combined constructivism with utilitarianism, the dominant style of art during the emergence of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (Microsoft Encarta 2008). Prior to Constructivism, there were previous experimental artistic groups such as Cubo-Futurism, Rayonnism, and Suprematism. During this time, Russia was experiencing turbulent times as World War I and the Russian Revolution had been concluded by the 1920s. In 1921, the Constructivists turned their attention to instructional design. Tatlin and Rodchenko veered away from sculpture and painting and switched to stove design, graphic design, and photojournalism (Anneser n. ). Most of the Constructivists like Rodchenko focused on doing posters for theatres and cinemas. Rodchencko did the design for a magazine called LEF. He made his mark in the field of photomontage and printing with overprinting and kiss registration (Anneser n. d). In architecture, constructivist style is marked by a combination of straight lines and a wide-range of forms such as squares, cylinders, cubes, rectangles, and so on. A common example of a Constructivist building is the mausoleum of Lenin located in Red Square that was constructed by Alexei Shchusev in 1924 (Johns n. ). Constructivism is characterized by the exploitation of the difference between various forms and models and also focuses on the contrast of various surfaces like rough walls and windows, which could be strictly rectangular or square. Likewise, they can be horizontal like giant ribbons which envelope the whole building. At the top portion of the building, there are rounded windows (Johns n. d). The Constructivist movement was only short lived as it lasted only until 1933. At present, there are about 600 Constructivist-inspired buildings in Moscow. The earliest structures emerged in 1925 when Russia was just recovering from World War I and had no funds for new construction projects (Johns n. d). Other famous Constructivist buildings are the PRAVDA editorial offices and the department store located at 1905 Goda found on the edge of Krasnaya Presnya and Presnenskaya Zastava Street where the Benetton sign is located. The building takes up a small parcel of land and is triangular in shape with an open top. A huge window extends from the first to the third floors (Johns n. d). From 1930 to 1933, Constructivists buildings experienced a major renovation in order to cope up with the demands of the political situation pervading that time. Eventually, constructivism gave way for the Stalin Empire style. The 1940s and 1950s was a trying time for Constructivists, as they were not given the chance to work forcing some of them to quit their profession or went to teaching (Johns n. d). In 1958, however, the Constructivist style was revived as architects began to construct public buildings such as hotels like the Yunost and Orlyonok as well as the post-graduate student center located at Silvernik Street (Johns n. ). Throughout the world, the influence of Constructivism was evident in modern architecture. In Russia, the cities of St. Petersburg, Ivanovo, and Kizhma have undergone major changes and have become industrialized because of Constructivist architects. Similar industrialized cities can be seen in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan (Johns n. d). Conclusion Constructivism is a Russian art movement that flourished during the early part of the 20th century. This style of design had an impact on future schools of art. Vladimir Tatlin, a Russian sculptor and painter, founded the constructivist style of design. Constructivism is a style of art characterized by an optimistic, non-representational relief construction, painting, kinetics, and sculpture. Rather than focusing on abstract ideas, the artist connects art with concrete and tangible ideas. Characteristic of artistic movements after World War I, constructivists were idealists aiming for the establishment of a new order in the field of arts and architecture.

Life of a Slave Girl Essay -- Papers

Life of a Slave Girl Harriet Jacobs constantly refers to friends that help her through her plight for freedom. Relying on the kindness of others seems to be a trend through out her life. Harriet was always helped out when she was a slave and when she escaped from slavery. When ever she got into trouble someone always came to her rescue. Everyone that came to her rescue was risking themselves when they would aid her. Be it a good old friend from the past, someone who knew her mother or a random stranger in the last expected place, there was always someone to save her. She thankfully accepted every bit of aid that came her way. Countless times Harriet speaks of getting help from someone whom she knew when she was little, be it an old friend or someone who is helping her because they knew her mother. People always wanted to help her, and this makes me wonder what she was like. Not once in her story does Harriet describe herself or do we get to know much about her other then how troubled she always is. Harriet was someone of a very strong moral character. Her second master Dr. Flint was relentless in his desires to have her as his lover yet she never gave in. In the situation of a slave this was very unusual. There was nothing to stop Dr. Flint from sticking Harriet in jail or whipping her until she couldn't stand anymore for no other reason then he felt like it. Yet she would not do anything she chose not to. She eventually ran away from him after spending years in his service and spent seven years hiding in an atic that summed up to be a large coffin then serve him and his family any more. She would rather torchure herself then submit to the Flints and do something she felt was wrong. At the age of six Harri... ... to smuggle Harriet north. After much time, he found way by a sympathetic caption of a ship to bring her north. He gave seven years trying to help her with information and a way to get north instead of helping himself. To simply save a friend. After Harriet arived in New York she met Mr. Bruce. His second wife was the greatest help to Harriet through out all of her years. Though she was white, she treated Harriet as an equal and always tryed to do the best for her. At one point Harriet had to flee from New York for fear of being cought and Mrs. Bruce tells her to bring her baby with her so that if she happened to be cought they would have to bring Harriet back to her and that there might be some way to help her then. Eventually Mrs. Bruce enables someone to purchase Harriet for three hundred dollars from Mr. Flint's daughter so that Harriet could be free.

Birmingham as the second largest city in England

A hypothesis is a theory or idea, which is then examined and tested. Sometimes you will agree with it, and sometimes you will disagree with it. Quality of life is what makes a persons life better or easier. Different people have different needs and so what makes their quality of life better is also different. I am a teenager and my needs are very different to my grandmothers for example. I would prefer to live in the Inner City Zone or Inner Suburb Zone. This is because I would have easy access to shops, restaurants, clubs, cinemas, heath clubs and other amenities that young people prefer. Living in the CBD would not be appropriate for me however as there tends to be fewer parks and open spaces. I do not want to have to travel for hours to get to and from school every day, so a good local school would help improve my quality of life immensely. My grandmother is 69. She has a quieter life than me and only goes into the city centre when is most necessary. For the majority of things like food, daily paper and toiletries she can shop at her local independent shops. The makes her quality of life better. Low crime rate also improves her quality of life as she is more venerable than me. However because of her physical condition a large garden is not very practical as she could not be able to look after it. She does love being outside however and so to improve her quality of life she would need parks and public open areas near to her. She would also prefer quieter neighbours and few incidents of graffiti and vandalism. Her breathing is not ‘what it was' due to smoking for many years and so low pollutions levels would help her general health levels too. Because she lives on her own, it would not be very easy for her to get someone to come and repair walls or roofs, so good housing conditions would also be a necessity. My grandmother is also quite religious and likes to attend church every weeks or so, so for her it would be very important that there was a church very close by, or on a major bus route, as she would not be able to afford a taxi every week. As she lives alone, it would also be good for her if her family and friends lived near buy too. She could catch a bus to get there, but not of a great distance as it would be inconvenient for her because of medical conditions. You can read also Classifications of Restaurants There are some factors that would improve both hers and my quality of life however. For example, good public transport. This would benefit both of us as neither has a car or licence. For this reason also, being near to a hospital, doctor or dentist would improve the quality of both our lives. CBD stands for Central Business District. This area is in the centre of towns and is usually one of the oldest parts. There tends to be Victorian buildings which may have been modernised as well as modern buildings. The main land use tends to be commercial, with lots of shops, banks and restaurants. In some CBDs as a result of new developments there are sometimes new houses or apartments. The general sky-line tends to be higher towards the CBD as there are generally more high-rise buildings as land is more expensive. Moving away from the CBD, the next major zone is the Inner City. This zone is just outside the CBD, and old industry. In the last century factories have been built but the majority of these factories have been closed down as industry moved away from the CBD. The small terraced houses that were originally built for the factory workers are, in most cities and Birmingham still there. At this time however, land was expensive and so gardens and houses were small. Some of these houses have been knocked down and made into apartments or high-rise flats. This has helped encourage business workers to move to the CBS. The majority of these workers have large amounts of money, no children and that enjoy a good night life! This has encouraged bars, restaurants and clubs to open in the centre of most major cities. However it has also encouraged drug use and high crime rates. Moving outward from the CBD, the next zone is the Inner City. In the last century this land would also be used for factory building, however with modernisation, of these cities, industry has moved away and the old buildings converted. The majority of land is used as residential and most houses are terraced. Like the CBD, land was, and is, quite expensive in these areas and so most of the houses and gardens were small. The next major zone is the Inner Suburbs. This land is almost all residential. The majority of houses built here are from the 1920s and 1930s. The houses tend to be bigger as there is more land, and so it is cheaper to build on it. The general crime rate tends to be lower in these areas. These qualities attract families and so there also tends to be a lot more primary and secondary schools. After this zone, the next is the Outer Suburbs. The main land use is residential and there tends to be more large modern houses. Councils have also bought this land and many council estates are built here too. Because of the distance from these areas to the CBD, land is cheaper here. Recently small modern industries and large shops have developed here. Birmingham is the second largest city in England. It has a population of 965,928 in city and 2,555,596 in the West Midlands. Despite its' current size, Birmingham grew late in relation to other British cities and was a market town right up until the Industrial Revolution. At this time, luminaries such as Matthew Bolton ; James Watt (inventors of the steam engine), William Murdock (inventor of gas lighting) and Joseph Priestley (who discovered oxygen) put Birmingham on the map. A massive system of canals was built to cope with the influx of traffic, so that Birmingham now has a more extensive canal network than Venice. World War II saw heavy damage inflicted upon the city, and an equally brutal reconstruction program that earned Birmingham's inner ring road the nickname ‘the concrete collar'. However, Birmingham's relationship with the car goes deeper than this; it saw the building of the first four-wheeled petrol driven car by F W Lancaster in 1895, and now acts as the UK's motor-manufacturing hub (earning it the nickname Brum). Birmingham has since been reborn as a business and conference centre, and is busy rebuilding itself into the sub-capital it always should have been. Burgess model In 1925, E.W. Burgess presented an urban land use model, which divided cities in a set of concentric circles expanding from the CBD to the suburbs. This representation was built from Burgess's observations of a number of American cities, particularly Chicago. According to this model, a large city is divided in concentric zones with a tendency of each inner zone to expand in the other zone. Urban growth is there for a process of expansion of land uses. For this study I am going to be following a transect along the Alcester Road, A435. This road is an A type road and runs from the centre of town to the outskirts in a southern direction. Because of the size pf Birmingham, if the hypotenuse is correct it will most likely apply to the majority of large towns and cities in England. My chosen areas of study are: * Balsall Heath * Kings Heath * Alcester Lanes End * Druids Heath Balsall Heath Balsall Heath is situated in the Inner city zone of Birmingham. From the centre of the CBD it is 2.75 kilometres. It has been calculated that 4,000 people out of Balsall Heath's population of 12,000 regularly participate in a caring activity designed to improve the quality of life of the neighbourhood. Kings Heath Kings Heath is in the Inner suburb zone of Birmingham. From the centre of the CBD, Kings Heath is 5.5kilometres. According to the 2001 Population Census there were 24,273 people resident in Kings Heath. Alcester Lanes End Alcester Lanes End is situated in the Outer suburb zone of Birmingham. From the CBD, Alcester Lances End is 6.25 kilometres. Druids Heath Druids Heath is an area situated on an Outer City Council Estate. From the CBD, Druids Heath is 8 kilometres away. This is the area furthest away form the CBD that I will be studying.

The Importance Of Nonverbal Communication - 6466 Words

Communication Communication plays a key role in every culture, but the importance or preference a culture places on verbal or nonverbal communication differs greatly. The country of Japan is a high-context culture, which means their society places a greater importance on nonverbal communication rather than verbal communication. In order to understand why Japan places such importance on nonverbal communication, the way they verbally communicate with others needs to be discussed first. Many cultures outside of Japan have conveyed the thought that the Japanese are unskilled in verbal communication because they cannot convey facts accurately or express opinions logically. However, the opposite is true because in the Japanese culture they do†¦show more content†¦However, due to the lack of trust involved in verbal communication and the importance of politeness when conversing with others, it is easy to grasp why the Japanese would rather converse through nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication Whereas with verbal communication, the Japanese place a higher importance on implicit, nonverbal communication because nonverbal cues give truth to how an individual truly feels about a situation. â€Å"The Japanese are able to guess at each other’s feelings from facial expressions, movements of the eyes and the slightest gestures, and their conjectures are not mistaken† (Kowner, 2002, p.341). In Japan, if two individuals hold eye contact for a lengthy period of time, it is viewed as disrespectful and an invasion of privacy. The posture of an individual is a vital aspect of nonverbal communication, because the Japanese believe posture shows if one is being attentive and respectful during a conversation. Another nonverbal cue is the gestures an individual uses during a conversation, which can have several different meanings and can lead to one being offended when no offense was meant in the first place. Perhaps one of the most important forms of nonverbal communication t he Japanese uses is silence. In the Japanese culture, silence is viewed as sign of respect because it means the listener is giving weight to what is being said and thoroughly thinking through the entireShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Nonverbal Communication1194 Words   |  5 PagesCommunication plays a key role in every culture, but the importance or preference a culture places on verbal or nonverbal communication differs greatly. The country of Japan is a high-context culture, which means their society places a greater importance on nonverbal communication rather than verbal communication. In order to understand why Japan places such importance on nonverbal communication, the way they verbally communicate with others needs to be discussed first. Many cultures outside of JapanRead MoreThe Importance Of Nonverbal Communication1097 Words   |  5 PagesCommunication is defined as a system, in which individuals either verbally or non-verbally contribute to information and ideas. N onverbal communication is a communication between individuals by means of sending and accepting wordless clues. It is a powerful tool for an individual to comprehend and utilize nonverbal communication, which can enable you to associate with others, express what you truly mean, and build better relationships. Nonverbal communication has a wonderful effect on the whole communicationRead MoreThe Importance Of Nonverbal Communication1056 Words   |  5 PagesCommunication has been described as a flow of information between two parties principally between a source and a receiver. Communication is a any behavioral approach that can come in the verbal, nonverbal or graphic form that is sent by one and receive by another. Communication demonstrates our ability to interact and influence others in a useful way. Successful people are not only proficient in their own fields but also communication oriented and possessed a quality to demonstrate professional behaviorRead MoreThe Importance Of V erbal And Nonverbal Communication1421 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Communication is an integral part of life; without it, we would not survive†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Communication is needed not only to send and receive information and knowledge, but the most important aspect of communication is the ability to connect with other human beings around the world regarding the topics of relationships, families, organizations, cultures and nations (Vertino, 2014). A nurse must provide care that treats the whole person, not just the physical body. This concept is known as holistic care (BlairRead MoreThe Importance Of Verbal And Nonverbal Communication .1797 Words   |  8 Pages The Importance of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Veanna Shaw Fayetteville Technical Community College Abstract Communication is a vital part of everyday life for everyone. It is how individuals express their ideas, feelings, grievances and emotions. There are two types of communication, verbal and nonverbal. This paper will examine how they are each individually necessary and how together they offer unlimited possibilities of communicating any and everythingRead MoreThe Importance Of Verbal And Nonverbal Communication1148 Words   |  5 Pagesinterpersonal communication. In this paper, principles of communication will be discussed and a personal experience will be given to relate into those principles. The Blocks of Communication The building blocks of communication vary in various principles. Those principles are called verbal messages, nonverbal communication, emotions and emotional messages, and the principles of conversation. Each of the principles engages in specific speciality for an effective interpersonal communication. Communication isRead MoreThe Importance Of Verbal And Nonverbal Communication1265 Words   |  6 Pageswill discuss the processes of verbal and  nonverbal communication, including associated components of each, the differences between listening and hearing regarding communications. Also covered will be the formal and informal channels of communication that may be used within criminal justice organizations and implemented strategies used to overcome communication barriers therein. Verbal and nonverbal communication are the two main divisions of communication, and each specific realm deals with its ownRead MoreThe Importance Of Verbal And Nonverbal Communication1271 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Sometimes the greatest adventure is simply a conversation† (Amadeus Wolfe). Verbal and nonverbal communication play such a significant role in our everyday lives, but we have scantily taken the time to notice how what we say, or how our body language can affect those around us. The bat of an eyelash, the touch of an arm, the way we push our hair out of our face or the bite of a lip can indicate flirtation. Those that know me can read every emotion from my face, or so I’ve been told. Although,Read MoreThe importance of nonverbal communication in the medical profession Communication skills are1800 Words   |  8 PagesThe importance of nonverbal communication in the medical profession Communication skills are quite essential in civilized societies. This is due to their numerous conventions in different aspects of life. These skills do not only involve the verbal side but also the nonverbal side. Nonverbal communication importance used to be neglected by individuals in the past. However, in recent years, people are starting to recognize their crucial roles in their daily lives. They are now more interested inRead MoreEssay on Between the Lines: The Importance of Nonverbal Communication1215 Words   |  5 PagesBetween the Lines: The Importance of Nonverbal Communication The symbols we use to communicate are the vital fabric that holds human society together. Every day, billions of people around the globe use a plethora of symbols to relay information, exchange ideas, and solve problems. When these symbols are used in an effective way, they can change how someone views life, rouse people to a common cause, or infuse emotions and ideas into those that can understand. But what kind of symbols am I referring

Poverty Success and Treachery - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1697 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/16 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Poverty Essay Did you like this example? Happiness is the experience of loving life. Being happy is being in love with that momentary experience. And love is looking at someone or even something and seeing the absolute best in him/her or it. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Poverty: Success and Treachery" essay for you Create order Love is happiness with what you see.just expressed differently. (McPhillips). Lord Byron lived an interesting life with good and bad events. This quote relates to his life because Lord Byron took every moment of life and lived it to his fullest.He was happy once fame was on his way and when he got married and noticed hes happy when he has affairs. Lord Byron was an iconic poet of the Romantic Movement, who lived from 1788-1824. Lord Byron had a rough childhood and controversial adulthood, experienced career success, and later became a war hero! The early life of Lord Byron was rough as he was growing up. He was poor but was a noble and he soon inherits the title of a young man. George Gordon Byron or how people know him as Lord Byron the romatascist was born on January 22,1788 and lived a rough childhood with his father abandoned him, his mother being schizophrenic and a nurse who would abuse him. His father John Byron and mother Catherine Gordon really didnt get along together. John claimed that he couldnt stand being with both George and his wife Catherine, so soon he buys a house on the same street to be close to his son George and to see if he could come back one day but he never did. John Byron moved out with his sister where he soon dies in 1791 leaving a small George Gordon alone without a father just a mother. Lord Byron was born with a condition called clubfoot, which is a birth defect in where his leg is deformed or just in an odd position. Lord Byron was bitter towards his mother because he blames her for the bir th defect. Byron isolated himself during his youth and was deeply unhappy.(poets.org) This quote demonstrates that Byron wasnt an outgoing kid he was a shy type of kid but entering his teen years things will begin to evolve. Lord Byron in his teen years was someone who was still searching who he was and who he wants to be. He had an immense love for literature because growing up his mother would read to him. As, George is still developing he notices that he is attracted to men as well as females, which makes him a bit more mysterious.As an Adult he goes to study at Aberdeen Grammar School, and moves to Trinity College in Cambridge.Soon, he starts writing poetry but doesnt release any yet. When Lord Byron wasnt in school he was with his family or writing poems where he soon found his love for writing, also, he soon publishes a poem named Hours of Idleness which appeared in 1807. He then releases a poem called The Edinburgh Review. Due to that poem he got criticized a lot and in 1809, out of anger and frustration he makes a satire about his Critiques called English Bards and Scotch Reviewers. In this poem he attacks the people who critique his work Which soon led to overnight fame and made Lord Byron the n ext big thing. At 24, Byron was invited to the homes of the most prestigious families and received hundreds of fan letters, many of them asking for the remaining cantos of his great poem.(Poets.org).This quote demonstrates the fame that Lord byron was receiving at this time.Lord Byron was the man everyone wanted to be and made women want to be with a man like him. Not also was he good at writing but Lord Byron was known to also be a politician and used his fame to use it his favors.This also led to many Love affairs and Secret mistresses. As mentioned Women wanted to be with Lord Byron because he was controversial. George by the age of 8 was already looking for love after he fell in love with one of his distant cousin as stated, In 1803, Byron fell deeply in love with his distant cousin, Mary Chaworth, and this unrequited passion found expression in several poems, including Hills of Annesley and The Adieu.'(AE). Lord Byron would at times write about his love affairs but he was never the loyal type of guy. He got married In January 1815 and, in December of 1815 his daughter Ada Lovelace was born. In January of the following year his wife Anne Isabella Milbanke accused him of incest to sodomy because of rumors of him being with his half sister. Also she left him because he was in so much Debt, was a drunkard, and was said to be bisexual so he really never saw his family after that.It was also said that Byron would abuse his wife and had affairs with various actress and even have affairs with his half sister. George By ron even kept Pubic Hairs to remember them by or to have them as trophies. Lord Byron would hook up with so many people that he had to leave his city because they were married and men wanted him dead or to beat him up for hooking up with their wives. Lord Byrons spent his final days falling in love with a boy. Lord Byron was into a 15 year old Greek boy. His final days saw him enthralled by a young Greek boy of 15 who failed to return his affection. No longer the dashing and famous poet he once was, Byron found the teenagers rejection a deep blow to his fragile ego,(English 5).This quote proves that he was bisexual and that this boys rejection led to Lord Byrons depression. On April 19, 1824 Lord Byron soon dies by malaria at Missolonghi, Greece. Some people speculate that he could of also died of a sexual transmitted diease due to so many affairs he was having. Lord Byron was deeply Mourned for in England and was named a hero. Although Byron had tough times with his family and was in debt he had lots of success from his poetry. Don Juan was a masterpiece that was written by Lord Byron himself and published 1824 according to google books. This poem is known for being one of Lord Byrons best poems. Don Juan is a story about a boy who lived almost similar events that Lord Byron had been through by implementing another character taking his place. Later throughout, the book Don Juan finds love and shows that love is necessary. Throughout this very well done poem Lord Byron touches specific topics as themes. He talks about family, sex and gender. For family Byron is quickly to warn that its not okay to always provide for your children, parents can provide but also discipline as well. Byron wants them to know that kids should be treated like adults and educate them so they learn from their parents mistakes. His classic studies made a little puzzle,Because of the filthy loves of gods and goddesses, Who in the earlier days raised a bustle, But never put on pantaloons or bodice(Byron) Don Juans mother Donna never edu cates Don juan because she thinks other things,But this decision will come back to get her because Don Juan will go off and learn this stuff by himself. Which shows why parents should educate their children and not hide them. For sex Bryon makes Don Juan an object before he gives into the temptations and shows that sex is just meaningless and that sex has nothing to do with love its more lust. Don Juan wasnt the hit that Lord Byron has written. She Walks In Beauty is another great poem that was written by Lord Byron. It was written in 1814 and published in 1815. The reason why Lord Byron created this story was based on a real life event that inspired him. One day Lord Byron went to a ball and it is said that he met his cousins Robert Wilmots wife and he fell in love with her. Her name is Mrs.Anne Beatrix Wilmot. He fell in love with her on sight and he was inspired to write about her. The poem is basically about an unnamed woman that is described to be beautiful. Lord Byron uses words to describe her by using dark, connotations like night and starry skies. This poem has many key points but the most important ones are beauty, principles and femininity. In this poem beauty is described in so many ways to the point where Byron is idolizing her beauty. He worships her beauty and describes it in so many ways. The next main idea in this poem is principles of the unnamed lady. It is mentioned that he would seduce her but she is t oo pure and good hearted to do those type of sins. In the quote coming up Lord Byron sees her calm face and he can see purity.Where thoughts serenely sweet express, How pure, how dear their dwelling-placeThe smiles that win, the tints that glow,..But tell of days in goodness spent, A mind at peace with all below, A heart whose love is innocent!(Byron).With this Lord Byron is trying to imply that Beauty needs a balance of having good morals and be good hearted, but he also says that its important to look good as well physically.The final key point in this story that should be recognized is women or femininity. In this story the unnamed girl is being almost looked as an object. She never speaks or anything it is just Lord Byron that tries implying who she is based on how she looks. She walks in beauty, like the night..Of cloudless climes and starry skies; And all thats best of dark and bright ..Meet in her aspect and her eyes(Byron) This shows that he looks at her as if she was art, he looks at her and sees beauty but doesnt see her as a person. In all this story has many key points but one more story is still to be talked about.

Gang Members A Truly Destructive Lifestyle - 1423 Words

A gang is an organized group of criminals who form together for a common goal or identity. Gangs can be formed based upon race, ethnicity, territory, or money making activities, and are generally made up of members varying anywhere between the age of 12 to 24. There are a variety of reasons behind the formation of gangs, whether it be for protection, profit, or because a group of people share a common trait. A gang rivalry is formed when two or more gangs grow to despise each other for their differences. Common divergences include race, gender, religion and social class. S.E. Hinton’s The Outsiders is a novel that deeply examines the aspects of gang life portrayed by the rivalry between two fictional social classes known as the Greasers†¦show more content†¦Other members join because they live in the gang area and are, therefore, subject to violence by rival gangs. Some young people join a gang solely to survive, as joining a gang guarantees protection and retaliation against attacks from outside gangs, which gives members a feeling of security. (Delaney 96) Some youth are peer pressured and threatened into joining gangs, which leaves them no choice but to join the gang. Some youth that get involved in gangs have no idea what they are getting themselves into, and once they are in, they can never get out. They join a gang in order to feel love and acceptance, but are too ignorant to realize that they are being used in order to carry out the gang’s dirty work. If they are ordered to rob a grocery store, kill a rival gang member, or rape an innocent bystander, and refuse, they will be punished, brutally beaten, and often times murdered. If you attempt to leave a gang you could be jumped, your house could be invaded, or you could even get caught up in a drive by at any time. Your family’s lives are also at risk because even if you move and change your identity, they will seek after and kill your family if they are unable to find you. By joining a gang you are giving up your free will, and are putting your life as well as the lives of others in danger. I feel S.E. Hinton does a great job of portraying the harm that comes outShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Medias Influence on Teen Violence1884 Words   |  8 Pagesvideo games portray many of the activities practiced by gangs. Gang violence is also rising. It is no longer localized to inner cities, as it was twenty years ago. Every day more and more teenagers seeking a community or family are turning towards gangs. The Crips and the Bloods, originally started in 1970, now span over thirty- two states and 113 cities (teen-violence.com). There may be many reasons why a child would want to join a gang. Most of them come from broken families and are lookingRead More The Effects of Media Violence on Children Essay3371 Words   |  14 Pagesshootings that have occurred worldwide in the twenty-first century, violence is rapidly becoming more prevalent and more recognizable in youth culture. That being said, shootings are not the only source of violence in the new youth generation. Fighting, gang activity, and other organized violence is quickly increasing in number and severity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most intimidating factor of this massive increase in violent behavior is that nobody really knows why it is happening. Youths are simply becomingRead MoreEFFECT OF PEER PRESSURE OF STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SECONDARY SCHOOL5933 Words   |  24 Pagesto peer pressures, such as behaviors usually reserved for those of a greater maturity and understanding. 2.0.1 WHAT IS PEER PRESSURE? 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Strategy and Organizational Innovation - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Strategy and Organizational Innovation. Answer: Introduction: The MPS or Metropolitan Police Service, which was previously known as the Metropolitan Police is the territorial police force of Greater London, and are responsible for enforcing the law over there. They also have significant responsibilities related to the nation, which include protecting the British Royal Familys senior members along with the associates of the ministry of Her Majestys Government and The Cabinet. They also lead and co-ordinate on matters related to national counter-terrorism in the UK. Approximately 48,660 full-time employees and 3,270 part-time Special Constables are working for the Met, making it the largest force of police in the United Kingdom (Met.police.uk., 2017). An analysis of the Metropolitan Police Service was done by using the Five Forces model of Michael Porter and conducting a SWOT analysis of the establishment. Strengths The major strength of the police force is that it has a massive work force, which is efficiently trained and proficient in their work. There are 1,626 non-sworn officers of the police community support, 9,521 staff of the police, and 32,125 sworn officers. Weaknesses Technology is essential for the organisation, and its main weakness is that it has out of date ICT, because of which the police officers cannot perform to their full potential. Opportunities If new and efficient ICT is used by the organisation, then they will be able to reduce the rate of crime and improve the confidence of public on police. Threats The key threat that The Met is facing is the usage of expensive and ineffective technology, which is harming the association more than helping them. Table 1: SWOT analysis of the Met It has become imperative for all organisations to use technology in its everyday operations (Etling et al. 2010, p.37). It helps them in enhancing their productivity and ensures that they can survive in the competitive environment. Like all the organisations present in the current corporate world, the Met also relies completely on technology for all its function. Everything from communicating with the common people to recording and solving crimes requires the use of technology. Technology has helped the police force in developing significantly, and several aspects of their work are becoming hampered because of the existing ICT systems being used by them. More than 250 million is being spent by the organisation for running its information and communication technology or ICT. From this, most of the money is spent on maintaining their overly-expensive, ineffective and out-of-date systems. There have been constant and rapid changes in the technologies and many innovations are being made, because of which several organisations are facing issues. These enterprises are not being able to keep up with the changes in the technology and as a result of this their productivity is becoming low. The Metropolitan Police Service is a chief example of this. Previously, they could use technology efficiently, but that has changed because of lack of a coherent strategy. As a result of this, there has been an increase in the rate of crime in the city. This is because most of the criminals have smart phones and along with having access to more sophisticated technology as compared to the one used by the police officers of London. The activities or performance undertaken by an organisation to increase the worth of services and goods provided by them is known as value creation (Grnroos and Voima, 2013, p.133). The chief value that every police department has is solving the problems of the citizens of the country. Assisting the citizens, responding to their calls, catching criminals, and minimising the rate of crime are a few major values followed by the police officers at the Met. However, they require proper facilities so that they can efficiently solve the crimes and catch the culprits, which is not available. Recently, many international bodies and researcheers have recognised the importance and potential of information and communication technologies in value creation of public service. There has been an increase in the demand of public value by the citizens. They want the government to be able to give return on the investment that has been done by the private sectors and individual citizens. Since the techn ology has become so advanced, there have been various changes in the way of living of all individuals. Technology has not only made the lives of public easier, it has also facilitated in an increase in crimes. Thus, to be able to stay ahead of criminals, police officers are need to use advanced ICT systems, so as to serve the public efficiently. Main challenges being faced by the organisation With the increase in the development of technology, the Met has been becoming more dependent on the information and communication system for functioning effectively (Schmidt and Cohen, 2010, p.75). However, there are various challenges being faced by The Met currently. They are: The existing systems of ICT being used by the Metropolitan Police Service are extremely poor, because of which the police officers cannot perform their job efficiently. They require more than 30 minutes for logging into their computer and enter the same information in different systems repeatedly. Due to this, their time gets wasted and more opportunities are created for error. Smart phones and tablets are the most basic technology present in todays world and almost every individual in London have them because of the low cost. Due to this, they have instant access to news, restaurant reviews, travel and much more. However, the police officers at The Met are still using radios for getting in touch with the base and gaining access to basic background information. If the personnel require any information related to a particular suspect, previous reports of a crime or any other thing, then they contact their peers by using a radio. It is highly incredible that these police officers use modern technology when they are at home, whereas exceedingly outdated technology is provided to them at work. Technology is not being used efficiently in the Met and because of this no support is being provided to the frontline police officers. A study was undertaken by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC), to analyse the use of technology on field by police officers present in six forces. According to the study, out of the nineteen essential technology operating systems that a constable requires for undertaking the frontline roles, only one - mobile telephony - was available consistently. This technology also did not work effectively all the time; and even the police officers, who were present in forces where good technology had been provided, did not know how to use it efficiently. The technology at the Met has been ageing because they have not been able to keep up with the changes in ICT. More than 750 systems are present in the organisation that has been wired collectively for the past forty years. The situation is going to become worse because these existing systems are going to become obsolete very soon, and 70 per cent systems are already redundant. Increased spending on the ICT system: Since the existing ICT systems are unproductive and outdated, their maintenance has become expensive. A proper coherent strategy for maintaining the ICT systems is not present in the police force. They have been spending increasing amount of money on ICT, but rather than getting invested in new technology, this money is being used for the maintenance of old systems. This has resulted in inefficiency among the officers and high rate of crime. A right balance is required between investing and saving, but this rule is not being followed by the Met (Garfinkel, 2010, p.S73). According to research, they have been spending excessively on keeping their ICT running instead of saving. New technology will require significant investment and currently the Metropolitan Police Service has trivial savings. Furthermore, there is no clarity on the means with which funding will be arranged for the new technology. Apart from this, there have been several problems with the systems in the back-office.. Various representatives of the industry have confirmed that excessive spending is being done on ICT by the police forces. If there is any problem with the existing technology; instead of trying to solve it, they go directly to technology solution and spend unnecessarily even for minor issues. Moreover, instead of exploiting the capabilities of the ICT systems that have already been done by them previously, the officers have the tendency of buying new technologies. Then they incorporate them with the systems that are already present, and most of the times the results are unsuccessful. Proper planning is non-existent in the Met, which has resulted in increased and ineffective spending. For the past few years, senior leadership has been performing inefficiently. The Metropolitan Police Authority (MPA) and the police force were not successful in implementing their long term strategies for technology in the past. The Met does not have adequate oversight and support required for improving their use of ICT. Implementing an effective ICT strategy is vital, and the Directorate of Information (DoI) of the Met plays an important role in it; but it lacks capability and capacity. Additionally, because of the absence of a director, the MOPAC or Mayors Office for Policing and Crime cannot perform its task of overseeing the new ICT strategy of the force. MOPAC has also stated that the Mets senior management team has not been taking ownership of its ICT function. It is apparent that the DoI, or the technology department of the Met has not been able to ensure that efficient technology is provided to the police officers. After analysing the situation, Deloitte found that gaps were present in the performance of DoI in performing the role of a partner to the Met. The DoI would be responsible for engaging the officers present in the Met while designing and implementing a strategy. However, they have been playing the role of supplier instead and just doing what the Met has been telling them to do. The DoI is not properly organised, and there is a requirement to develop and train the exiting staff, and hire new people. Many top and skilled staffs have been leaving to take other jobs in the industry because of the Voluntary Exit programme of the Met. This has resulted in a lack of proficient employees in the DoI, which will have costly repercussions in the future. Implications of Poor ICT Having new and effective technology has become mandatory for police officers and using outdated technology is having a negative impact on the work of the Met (Singh and Hackney, 2011, p.48). It has been hampering their work and effectiveness. As a result of using ineffective technology, a lot of time is being spent by the police officers in logging on to different systems and re-entering the data in all the computers. If efficient cloud technology was being used by the Met, then they could easily access the same data from different systems. However, since that is not present at the Metropolitan Police Service, the officers and other people present in the organisation have to copy the same data repeatedly in different systems, because otherwise the other officers will not have access to all the information. Additionally, most of the officers are currently deployed without being able access the information on the activities of criminals that the police force has. This has significantly reduced their efficiently in catching criminals, as it is not possible for them to retain information about all criminals and they always have to go back to base to find out information. Due to inept technology, the officers cannot communicate effectively with the businesses and public. According to HMIC, having good technology and being more preventive results in lower rate of crime. Since poor technology is used by the police force, there has been an increase in the crime rate in the past few years. Another major challenge being faced by the Met is that they are having difficulty in regaining advantage in operations over the criminals. All the criminals have access to at least the basic smart phones and most of them are proficient in using even higher end technology (Seba and Rowley, 2010, p.611). The officers at the Met dont have access to even the most basic technology because of which they are always one step behind the criminals, which was proved by the riots of 2011. To avoid this, the police officers working for the Met have been using their personal tablets and smart phones to be more efficient. This has given rise to a parallel infrastructure of ICT at the Met, and the officers can do their jobs more efficiently by using their own smart phones instead of using the kits that have been provided to them (Newburn et al. 2012). The Met has been spending high amount of money on its information and communication technology, but since the technology has become extremely old, with most of the systems being redundant; maintaining these elderly systems have become excessively expensive. More than 85 per cent of the money from the budget allotted by the Met for its ICT has been going in repairing these old systems or rather in keeping the lights on. A minuscule portion is left for buying modern technology and improving the access of public. Since, the police officers do not have access to Smart phones and high-end computers, the quantity and range of information that they can access to is also limited. As more information can be stored online along with being accessed easily, the police officers would have been able to save a lot of time. However, they have to do the entire process manually, which is very time consuming and not as effective. Since the officers at the Met have ineffective computer systems, they prefer doing their work manually, and spend a substantial amount of time in completing their reports. Their operations have become excessively paper-intensive because of this and considerable resources of the organisation are spent for storing the records and maintaining them. Due to this, significant amount of time of the police officers is wasted because of this. Several studies have been conducted to analyse the impact of using efficient ICT systems on crime. According to a study conducted by Newburn (2012), in more than 95% of the detectives that were surveyed , stated that the time spent by them on solving crimes had reduced significantly after enhanced ICT systems were installed in their work stations. A lot of officers at the Met are frustrated because of lack of proper systems and facilities, which is having an even more negative impact on their work. The technology is already present and an individual can do anything that they want. The public of the UK can find information about any and everything while walking on the street about the area that they are in or any other place. In contrast, there has been slow integration of technology in the Metropolitan Police Service, and old technology is being used, which gives no benefit to the police officers. Furthermore, the proliferation of digital devices and channels has ensured that the officers can help the public more efficiently as they have greater means of communication and better access to information. However, since the Met does not have access to enhanced digital channels, they cannot engage quickly and efficiently with the citizens of London. Without having real-time access to communication technology and data of the criminals and other cases, the officers are unable to help the citizens properly. With the advancement of technology, police officers can easily track the clues left behind by criminals, like their DNA or a digital footprint; but since the Met dont have access to sophisticated systems, they are not able to capture these clues several times and lose the culprit (Bossler and Holt, 2012, p.175). Cyber-crime has risen drastically in the last decade and has been posing a new threat to the operations of the police forces. According to Choo (2011), the law and police enforcement agencies have to change even the most basic skills that they think are necessary for solving crimes because of the increase in cyber threats. The United Kingdom was recently warned by the Home Affairs Select Committee that the country has been losing in the fight to reduce internet crime. Appropriate technology is essential for fighting internet crime, and the Met needs to change its technology requirements to be prepared for facing the challenges in the future (Choo, 2011, p.719). Solution and recommendation With the advent tablets and Smartphones, the officers have the opportunity of staying well connected by having access to police-specific data and other relevant public data, due to which they can utilise their time effectively and make informed decisions (Garicano and Heaton, 2010, p.167). Since the ICT systems at the Metropolitan Police Service are in a poor condition, and they cannot work effectively, a new strategy for ICT should be adopted by the Met. There are various theoretical models present that can help in understanding the methods with which the Met can overcome these challenges and simultaneously create and enhance its customer value. Sigmoid curve The Sigmoid curve can easily describe all types of phenomena, regardless of its nature. It basically states that every phenomenon has an initial period of development, then a phase of introduction, followed by sharp growth. In the later stage, the rate of growth slows down, which ultimately leads to decline. According to this curve, nothing is permanent, and because of changes in the tastes and preferences of consumers and advancement of technology, every practice comes to an end. Radical innovation is required to transform the service provided to the citizen. However, there is a lack of innovation in the Met because of the absence of driving concepts like profit, products and competition. The current ICT systems of the police force have reached a stage of decline and the only way in which the Met can improve is, by starting a new Sigmoid Curve before the existing one is complete. Low cost strategy According to Teece (2010), an organisation should exploit the economy to ensure that it has the lowest structure of cost. The Metropolitan Police Service should follow this strategy as it will help the organisation in cutting the additional costs while ensuring that the quality is maintained. The excessive spending being done by the Met on its old and outdated technology should be stopped and the money should be invested in buying new ICT systems. This will ensure that the cost is reduced in the long run and the productivity of the officers will also improve. Benchmarking practice Adopting benchmarking practices will be highly beneficial for the Met, as they will be able to compare their performance with the best police forces in the world, which are the National Police Agency (NPA) of Japan and the New York Police Department (NYPD) of the USA. The Met should examine the operations and activities undertaken by them along with the ICT that these forces use. This will help them in understanding how they can use advanced ICT systems for their operations and benchmarking will ensure that they improve their operations according to the standard that has been set by NPA and NYPD. For example, the Met can use predictive policing technique, which is an effective tool for allocating resources and targeting crime efficiently. These techniques are used in the NYPD and NPA and have been successful in bringing down the rate of crime and raising both community assurance and productivity. Value chain analysis As stated by Ramirez (2010), value chain analysis helps in analysing the internal activities of an organisation. The Met should use this strategy tool to examine the activities performed by the police officers and other individuals in the organisation, and recognise those activities that the most valuable. This will help the Met in improving its operations by enhancing the efficient activities and minimising the inefficient ones (Ramirez and Rainbird, 2010, p.699). McKinsey model The 7-S framework developed by McKinsey focuses on seven main internal aspects of an enterprise. According to Singh (2013), if these aspects are aligned properly, then the enterprise will be successful. The 7-S model can be used by the Met, as it will help the organisation in improving its performance by aligning its processes and departments, determining the best way for implementing a strategy and examining the effects that can be caused because of changes in the future. New information and communications strategy that the Met can adopt There is a requirement of a new and enhanced ICT strategy for the Metropolitan Police Service. The first thing that should be done by the Met to solve its ICT problems is to carry out a root-and-brand review. This will help the organisation in understanding the technology that it required for meeting the objectives related to policing roles and responsibilities (Cavelty and Mauer, 2016). Two new themes should be followed by them facilitating the force to work more tenuously and utilising the data available with the Met adequately. They should invest in inter-linked systems so that duplication of work will be avoided and the officers will be able to access real-time information on the field. The Met must make a massive jump and significantly develop its ICT system so that the savings target of the organisation can be achieved. It should try to reduce the costs required for running the technology in three years by 60 million. The police force should target savings in its budget allotted for the ICT or information and communications technology, as a significantly higher amount is spent by the Met on ICT than any other public bodies and police forces. There is an urgent requirement of new ICT systems in the police force, and to achieve that, the force should engage more effectively with the industry. They should concentrate on the outcomes of policing, such as improving communication with the citizens, supporting victims, and reducing crime. This will allow the stakeholders of the industry in suggesting the most effective ways of achieving these outcomes. Since the spending on ICT will be reduced by the Met, several other significant changes should be implemented by them so that the service provided by them to the public does not get affected. This has already been started by the organisation by starting the Met Change Programme, with which the force is implementing a new policing model. Furthermore, the Met can approach other police forces for some time, for delivering a joined-up approach towards technology. It should also collaborate with the London Ambulance Service and the London Fire Brigade, because the Mayor of London plays a strategic role in ensuring that the emergency services of London are working collaboratively and developing ICT, which will provide Londoners with superior level of service (Mawby, 2010, p.124). Most of the technology spending of the Met is on its ICT contracts. One of its largest contracts, where more than 115 million is spent every year, is with Capgemini. These contracts can be replaced when they expire with cheaper substitutes, so that more savings can be done. There is a requirement of new framework for digital transformation at the Met, and when that will take place, then the contracts will also need to be altered. Moreover, the Met should also invest in cloud based technologies, as the contacts in these servers are on the basis of paying as per usage. Thus, ICT can be organised and used by investing little. Most of the private sector and even some organisations in the public sector, like the Ministry of Defence use the cloud technology. This will help the Met in eliminating the amount spent on buying, operating and maintaining its own servers, as an external IT contractor will be paid for the work. Though social media is not an appropriate method for all types of purpose, but the forces will still get an opportunity for interacting with different parts of the communities, which will enable them to share their problems. The MOPAC should first ensure that the resources and skills required for implementing the ICT strategy of the Met successfully is present in the DoI. If required, necessary steps should be taken to ensure that the DoI is fit for this responsibility. The Met should also start using predictive crime mapping for allocating resources proficiently and reducing crime. Since data from historic crimes are used for predicting future likely crimes; police officers can be deployed in these areas, which will augment their chances of catching criminals. Mobile devices should be provided to the officers, which will help them in accessing the ICT systems of the Met easily from anywhere (Yang et al. 2013, p.1854). This will also eliminate the requirement of performing duplicate tasks like entering the data. Additionally, it will also help in reducing costs, as fewer people will be required in the back office. Instead of having to fill different forms numerous times, they can just complete the task at once and send the information to the central system. They can also access information and their databases from the field without having to go back to the base station, and it will also lead to improved quality of work and quicker capturing of data. Various new technologies can be used by the Met for improving its operations like facial recognition technology, body cameras and surveillance drones (Finn, and Wright, 2012, p.184). The drones used for surveillance will provide a cost effective and time saving alternative for manned helicopters. However, since the resources available with the Met are limited, investment has to be made wisely. All the technologies cannot be installed at once, and a cost-benefit analysis has to be done along with analysing the mistakes of others for understanding which technologies should be invested in. Conclusion The Metropolitan Police Service has been performing efficiently since its inception. However, lately their performance has deteriorated because of the use of outdated and ineffective information and communications technology. Improving the ICT systems has become imperative for the Met, as significant amount of money is being spent on its maintenance. Additionally, the police force has not been able to perform its duties properly because using these outdated systems are time consuming and they cannot access the records and other information that they require easily. There are various theoretical models available that can be used by the Met for analysing and improving their performance. The researcher has also made several recommendations that can help the Met in enhancing their operations. Reference List Cavelty, M.D. and Mauer, V., 2016.Power and security in the information age: Investigating the role of the state in cyberspace. Routledge. Newburn, T. ed., 2012.Handbook of policing. Routledge. Newburn, T., Williamson, T. and Wright, A. eds., 2012.Handbook of criminal investigation. Routledge. Ajelabi, I. and Tang, Y., 2010. The adoption of benchmarking principles for project management performance improvement.International Journal of Managing Public Sector Information and Communication Techniques,1(2), pp.1-8. Archmann, S. and Iglesias, C., 2010. EGovernment: A driving force for innovation and efficiency in public administration.EIPAScope,2010(1), pp.29-36. Bossler, A.M. and Holt, T.J., 2012. Patrol officers' perceived role in responding to cybercrime.Policing: an international journal of police strategies management,35(1), pp.165-181. Choo, K.K.R., 2011. 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Schmidt, E. and Cohen, J., 2010. The Digital Disruption-Connectivity and the Diffusion of Power.Foreign Aff.,89, p.75. Seba, I. and Rowley, J., 2010. Knowledge management in UK police forces.Journal of Knowledge Management,14(4), pp.611-626. Singh, A., 2013. A study of role of McKinsey's 7S framework in achieving organizational excellence.Organization Development Journal,31(3), p.39. Singh, M. and Hackney, R., 2011. Mobile technologies for public police force tasks and processes: a t-government perspective. InECIS. pp.48. Teece, D.J., 2010. Business models, business strategy and innovation.Long range planning,43(2), pp.172-194. Yang, L., Yang, S.H. and Plotnick, L., 2013. How the internet of things technology enhances emergency response operations.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,80(9), pp.1854-1867.